The selection process of biomass materials for the production of bio-fuels and co-firing / (Record no. 42518)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
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| fixed length control field | 11554nam a2200937 i 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER | |
| control field | 6798071 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER | |
| control field | IEEE |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20191218152125.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS | |
| fixed length control field | m o d |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | cr |n||||||||| |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 151222s2014 njua ob 001 eng d |
| 010 ## - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONTROL NUMBER | |
| Canceled/invalid LC control number | 2013047869 (print) |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER | |
| International Standard Book Number | 9781118852606 |
| Qualifying information | electronic |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER | |
| Canceled/invalid ISBN | 9781118542668 |
| Qualifying information | hardback |
| 024 7# - OTHER STANDARD IDENTIFIER | |
| Standard number or code | 10.1002/9781118852606 |
| Source of number or code | doi |
| 035 ## - SYSTEM CONTROL NUMBER | |
| System control number | (CaBNVSL)mat06798071 |
| 035 ## - SYSTEM CONTROL NUMBER | |
| System control number | (IDAMS)0b000064821b2e75 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE | |
| Original cataloging agency | CaBNVSL |
| Language of cataloging | eng |
| Description conventions | rda |
| Transcribing agency | CaBNVSL |
| Modifying agency | CaBNVSL |
| 050 #4 - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CALL NUMBER | |
| Classification number | TP248.B55 |
| Item number | A48 2014eb |
| 082 00 - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 662/.88 |
| Edition number | 23 |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Altawell, Najib, |
| Relator term | author. |
| 245 14 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | The selection process of biomass materials for the production of bio-fuels and co-firing / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. | Najib Altawell. |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE | |
| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture | Hoboken, New Jersey : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer | IEEE/Wiley, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice | [2014] |
| 264 #2 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE | |
| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture | [Piscataqay, New Jersey] : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer | IEEE Xplore, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice | [2014] |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 1 PDF (xxi, 351 pages) : |
| Other physical details | illustrations. |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE | |
| Content type term | text |
| Source | rdacontent |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE | |
| Media type term | electronic |
| Source | isbdmedia |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE | |
| Carrier type term | online resource |
| Source | rdacarrier |
| 490 1# - SERIES STATEMENT | |
| Series statement | IEEE press series on power engineering |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | Includes index. |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE | |
| Bibliography, etc. note | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| 505 0# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- Abbreviations xix -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Why This Book? / 1 -- 1.2 The Book Structure / 2 -- 1.2.1 Introduction / 2 -- 1.2.2 Structure / 3 -- 1.3 Energy Utilization / 5 -- 1.4 The Need for Effective Biomass Utilization / 7 -- 1.5 Renewable Energy Impact on Biomass Economy / 7 -- 1.6 Summary / 9 -- References / 10 -- 2 Background 13 -- 2.1 Renewable Energy: A Brief Outlook / 13 -- 2.1.1 Introduction / 13 -- 2.1.2 Old Graphs / 15 -- 2.2 Wind / 16 -- 2.3 Water / 17 -- 2.4 Geothermal / 17 -- 2.5 Solar / 19 -- 2.5.1 Solar Cells / 20 -- 2.5.2 Solar Water Heating / 20 -- 2.5.3 Solar Furnaces / 20 -- 2.6 Biomass / 21 -- 2.7 Biomass as a Source of Energy / 24 -- 2.7.1 Energy Crops / 27 -- 2.7.2 Examples of Energy Crops / 29 -- 2.7.3 Biomass Utilization / 30 -- 2.7.4 Biomass and Coal Components / 31 -- 2.7.5 Types of Energy Crop Needed / 32 -- 2.7.6 Biomass Energy Infl uencing Factors / 33 -- 2.7.7 Characteristics/Co-fi ring Properties and Testing Method / 35 -- 2.8 Biomass Applications / 36 -- 2.8.1 Bio-fuels / 36 -- 2.8.2 Electricity Generation / 37 -- 2.8.3 Heat, Steam, and CHP / 37 -- 2.8.4 Combustible Gas / 38 -- 2.8.5 Additional Bio-energy Technologies / 41 -- 2.9 Co-fi ring / 42 -- 2.9.1 Barriers for Biomass Co-firing / 43 -- 2.9.2 Additional Challenges for Co-firing / 44 -- 2.9.3 Further Advancement in Co-firing Engineering / 44 -- 2.9.4 Promoting Co-firing / 45 -- 2.10 System Engineering / 46 -- 2.11 Biomass Conversion Systems / 48 -- 2.12 Energy Crops Scheme (U.K.) / 49 -- 2.13 Renewable Obligation Certificate (ROC) (U.K.) / 52 -- 2.14 Climate Change Levy Exemption Certificate (LEC) (U.K.) / 52 -- 2.15 Conclusion / 53 -- References / 56 -- 3 Co-firing Issues 61 -- 3.1 Technical and Engineering Issues / 61 -- 3.1.1 Introduction / 61 -- 3.1.2 Hardware and Biomass Materials / 62 -- 3.2 Technical and Hardware Issues / 62 -- 3.3 Milling / 65 -- 3.4 Fuel Mixing / 66 -- 3.5 The Combustion System / 71 -- 3.5.1 Boilers / 71 -- 3.6 By-products / 75. |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | 3.6.1 Ash Formation and Deposition / 75 -- 3.7 Degradation / 76 -- 3.8 Conclusion / 77 -- References / 80 -- 4 Samples 83 -- 4.1 Selected Samples / 83 -- 4.1.1 Introduction / 83 -- 4.2 Samples General Descriptions / 84 -- 4.2.1 The Reference Samples / 84 -- 4.3 Main Samples / 91 -- 4.3.1 Introduction / 91 -- 4.3.2 Crops Basic Composition / 92 -- 4.3.3 Crops and Oil Sources / 93 -- 4.3.4 Oil Quality and Standard / 94 -- 4.3.5 Crops Photosynthesis / 94 -- 4.3.6 Energy Crops Environmental Effect / 95 -- 4.3.7 Corn (Zea mays L.) / 96 -- 4.3.8 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / 103 -- 4.3.9 Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis) / 108 -- 4.3.10 Rice (Oryza sativa) / 115 -- 4.3.11 Barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp.) / 121 -- 4.3.12 Sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus) / 126 -- 4.3.13 Niger Seed (Guizotia abyssinica) / 134 -- 4.3.14 Rapeseed (Brassica napus) / 141 -- 4.4 Conclusion / 147 -- 4.4.1 Samples Selection / 148 -- 4.4.2 The Next Step / 150 -- References / 151 -- 5 Methodology: Part 1 161 -- 5.1 Methodology Approach / 161 -- 5.1.1 Introduction / 161 -- 5.2 The Pyramid / 162 -- 5.3 The Decision Tree / 164 -- 5.3.1 Steps for the Biomass Fuel / 164 -- 5.3.2 Three Numbers / 165 -- 5.4 Methodology Terms and Defi nition for BF and S&T / 166 -- 5.4.1 BF / 166 -- 5.4.2 S&T / 166 -- 5.5 BF and S&T Data / 166 -- 5.5.1 Why Are Data for the BF and S&T Needed? / 166 -- 5.5.2 How Are Data for the BF Obtained? / 168 -- 5.5.3 How Are Data for the S&T Obtained? / 170 -- 5.6 Scoring System / 170 -- 5.6.1 The Method / 170 -- 5.6.2 Calculating the Score When the Reference Sample Is Set in a Positive Mode / 172 -- 5.6.3 Calculating the Score When the Reference Sample Is Set in a Negative Mode / 172 -- 5.6.4 Boundaries for S&T / 174 -- 5.6.5 Boundaries for BF / 174 -- 5.6.6 Reference Sample Boundaries / 174 -- 5.6.7 Biomass Boundaries / 175 -- 5.6.8 Scoring Plan for BF / 176 -- 5.7 Methodology Survey / 177 -- 5.8 The Survey Method / 178 -- 5.8.1 Aim / 178 -- 5.8.2 Objective / 178 -- 5.8.3 What Is the Survey Looking For? / 178. |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | 5.8.4 Survey Methodology / 178 -- 5.8.5 Mode / 179 -- 5.8.6 Mode Effect / 179 -- 5.8.7 Questionnaire Design / 179 -- 5.8.8 Sample Design / 179 -- 5.8.9 Sample Size / 180 -- 5.8.10 Pretesting and Piloting / 180 -- 5.8.11 Reducing and Dealing with Nonresponse / 180 -- 5.9 Conclusion / 181 -- References / 183 -- 6 Methodology: Part 2 185 -- 6.1 Introduction / 185 -- 6.1.1 Biomass Samples and Methodology / 186 -- 6.2 S&T Values Analysis / 186 -- 6.3 S&T Factor Evaluations / 187 -- 6.3.1 Energy Factor (EF) / 187 -- 6.3.2 Combustion Index Factor (CIF) / 190 -- 6.3.3 Volatile Matter Factor (VMF) / 193 -- 6.3.4 Moisture Factor (MF) / 195 -- 6.3.5 Ash Factor (AF) / 196 -- 6.3.6 Density Factor (DF) / 199 -- 6.3.7 Nitrogen Emission (Nx) Factor (NEF) / 201 -- 6.4 S&T Allocation Results / 203 -- 6.4.1 Introduction / 203 -- 6.4.2 The Priority List / 204 -- 6.5 Conclusion / 206 -- References / 208 -- 7 Methodology: Part 3 211 -- 7.1 BF Percentage Value Selection / 211 -- 7.1.1 Introduction / 211 -- 7.1.2 BF Subjective and Objective Factors / 212 -- 7.1.3 Percentage Allocation for BF / 212 -- 7.1.4 BF Values and Headlines / 213 -- 7.1.5 Biomass Energy Commercialization and BF / 213 -- 7.2 BF Values Analysis / 215 -- 7.3 BF Evaluations / 216 -- 7.3.1 System Factor (SF) / 217 -- 7.3.2 Approach Factor (AF) / 218 -- 7.3.3 Baseline Methodology Factor (BMF) / 219 -- 7.3.4 Business Viability Factor (BVF) / 219 -- 7.3.5 Applicability Factor (APF) / 220 -- 7.3.6 Land and Water Issues Factor (LWIF) / 223 -- 7.3.7 Supply Factor (SUF) / 224 -- 7.3.8 Quality Factor (QF) / 225 -- 7.3.9 Emission Factor / 226 -- 7.4 BF Data / 228 -- 7.4.1 Introduction / 228 -- 7.4.2 The Priority List / 230 -- 7.5 Conclusion / 235 -- References / 237 -- 8 Results: Part 1 239 -- 8.1 Statistical Data and Errors / 239 -- 8.1.1 Introduction / 239 -- 8.2 Methodology Level Value (Boundary Level Scoring Value) / 241 -- 8.3 Calculating Standard Deviation and Relative Error / 242 -- 8.3.1 S&T Factors / 243 -- 8.3.2 Business Factors (BF) / 246. |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | 8.3.3 Methodology Standard Deviation for S&T / 249 -- 8.3.4 Methodology Standard Deviation for BF / 250 -- 8.3.5 Methodology Standard Deviation / 251 -- 8.4 Analysis / 251 -- 8.5 Conclusion / 255 -- References / 257 -- 9 Results: Part 2 259 -- 9.1 Data and Methodology Application / 259 -- 9.1.1 Introduction / 259 -- 9.2 Tests / 260 -- 9.2.1 Experimental Tests / 260 -- 9.3 S&T Samples Data and Reports (Results) / 265 -- 9.3.1 Fossil Fuel / 265 -- 9.3.2 Biomass Materials / 266 -- 9.4 BF Samples Reports Examples (Results) / 277 -- 9.4.1 Coal BF Data (Altawell, GSTF, 2012) / 277 -- 9.4.2 Rapeseed BF Report / 278 -- 9.4.3 Black Sunfl ower Seed BF Report / 278 -- 9.4.4 Niger Seed BF Report / 279 -- 9.4.5 Apple Pruning BF Report / 280 -- 9.4.6 Striped Sunfl ower Seed BF Report / 281 -- 9.5 The Final Biomass Samples / 282 -- 9.5.1 S&T Results / 282 -- 9.5.2 BF Results / 284 -- 9.6 Samples Final Fitness / 285 -- 9.7 Discussion and Analysis / 289 -- 9.8 Conclusion / 294 -- References / 296 -- 10 Economic Factors 297 -- 10.1 Biomass Fuel Economic Factors and SFS / 297 -- 10.1.1 Introduction / 297 -- 10.2 Economic Factors / 298 -- 10.3 Biomass Business / 300 -- 10.3.1 Step 1 / 300 -- 10.3.2 Step 2 / 301 -- 10.3.3 Step 3 / 302 -- 10.3.4 Step 4 / 304 -- 10.4 Biomass Fuel Supply Chain / 305 -- 10.5 The Demand for a New Biomass Fuel / 306 -- 10.6 The SFS Economic Value Scenario / 307 -- 10.7 Discussion / 308 -- 10.8 Conclusion / 310 -- References / 312 -- 11 Conclusion 315 -- 11.1 General Conclusion / 315 -- 11.2 Methodology (REA1) and Applications / 316 -- 11.3 Why Biomass? / 316 -- 11.4 Co-firing and Power Generating / 318 -- 11.5 The New Biomass Fuel (SFS) / 318 -- 11.6 The Future of Co-fi ring and Biomass Energy / 319 -- 11.7 Final Results and Final Conclusion / 320 -- 11.8 Positive Outlook / 320 -- 11.9 What Next? / 321 -- References / 321 -- Index 323. |
| 506 1# - RESTRICTIONS ON ACCESS NOTE | |
| Terms governing access | Restricted to subscribers or individual electronic text purchasers. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | "Beginning first with the fundamentals of biofuel and co-firing, this essential resource then moves into coverage of the methodology that assists energy scientists and engineers to arrive at optimal biomass materials that are tailored to each company's business and economic environments. Coverage provides vital, ample, accurate, and detailed data of a number of energy crops and their uses by scientists. The unique approach includes not only technical and scientific factors, but also business factors such as environmental and human health factors for using biofuel and co-firing"-- |
| Assigning source | Provided by publisher. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | "This book provides in full detailed examination and analysis for a number of energy crops and their use as a source for generating electricity and for the production of biofuels"-- |
| Assigning source | Provided by publisher. |
| 530 ## - ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL FORM AVAILABLE NOTE | |
| Additional physical form available note | Also available in print. |
| 538 ## - SYSTEM DETAILS NOTE | |
| System details note | Mode of access: World Wide Web |
| 588 ## - SOURCE OF DESCRIPTION NOTE | |
| Source of description note | Description based on PDF viewed 12/22/2015. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name entry element | Biomass chemicals. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name entry element | Renewable energy sources. |
| 655 #0 - INDEX TERM--GENRE/FORM | |
| Genre/form data or focus term | Electronic books. |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Accuracy |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Agriculture |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Ash |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Biological system modeling |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Biomass |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Boilers |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Business |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Coal |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Combustion |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Companies |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Cost accounting |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Data models |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Decision trees |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Economics |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Electricity |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Fossil fuels |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Fuels |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Hardware |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Heating |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Hydroelectric power generation |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Investment |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Materials |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Milling |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Production |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Resource management |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Sociology |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Standards |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Statistics |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Testing |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Wind energy |
| 695 ## - | |
| -- | Wind turbines |
| 710 2# - ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME | |
| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element | IEEE Xplore (Online Service), |
| Relator term | distributor. |
| 710 2# - ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME | |
| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element | Wiley, |
| Relator term | publisher. |
| 776 08 - ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL FORM ENTRY | |
| Relationship information | Print version |
| International Standard Book Number | 9781118542668 |
| 830 #0 - SERIES ADDED ENTRY--UNIFORM TITLE | |
| Uniform title | IEEE press series on power engineering |
| 856 42 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Materials specified | Abstract with links to resource |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/bkabstractplus.jsp?bkn=6798071 |
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